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my

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believe me it has been a beginning it is

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i don't think there ever will be an end

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not as long as man is alive

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constellation is

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nasa's program to

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to return humans

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uh to exploring beyond low earth orbit

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we've begun with the end in mind of of

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exploring mars and understanding what is

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it that we need to learn between now and

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then in order to be able to do that

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safely and effectively

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we have three different what we refer to

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as design reference missions the first

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one is servicing the international space

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station insert into orbit rendezvous and

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dock with the international space

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station stay up to 180 days or more at

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the international space station and then

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return

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that crew to to the surface of the earth

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design reference mission number two

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would be to do a seven-day mission to

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the moon

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design versus mission number three is

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sort of a combination of those first two

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because we're doing

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essentially the same functions that are

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in the space station mission and in the

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lunar seven day mission but now we're

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having crews stay on the lunar surface

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for up to six months at a lunar outpost

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we have a very rich heritage of human

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and robotic exploration of the solar

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system the extent of our reach who is

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the moon and generations past with

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humans constellation is about reaching

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the orion system is basically the

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capsule in the supporting system that

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will get the crew into space into

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docking with the iss and eventually onto

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the moon so that's where the crew sits

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that's where the crew does this job on

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apollo we had a capsule shape and in

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that mission also we were going to the

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moon this is different now because the

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mission on the moon is different

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we're now going

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global access on the moon meaning we

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want to be able to go to the poles where

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we might find the ice and those kind of

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things which will help us sustain

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ourselves there longer to do that

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requires a different vehicle right more

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propellant than we had on a problem we

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also want to be able when we're on the

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moon to have a sufficient crew to

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actually do a lot more evas to get out

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there and actually do work so that's why

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we're sending four people to the surface

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so given those two changes this

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orion system is is much different than

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apollo

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as far as the size and the other

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capabilities now to get orion in orbit

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you need a booster so that's ares areas

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ares one is what we call the crew launch

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it's made up of a first stage which is

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derived from the space shuttle solid

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rocket booster except it uses an extra

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fifth segment with a liquid oxygen

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liquid hydrogen upper stage powered by a

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j2 engine which is a derivative of the

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old j2 engine that flew on the saturn v

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this vehicle can lift

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six times the cargo anything on this

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planet can lift today

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it's got the same solid rocket booster

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surrounding a liquid oxygen liquid

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hydrogen core stage which is double the

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size of the external tank today and it

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has an upper stage as well we call it an

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earth departure stage that does two

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things one it takes the lander in the

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lower orbit then after that docks with

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the orion which is what the aries one

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takes to orbit it does one final burn

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and injects the stack on its way to the

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the lunar lander is part of the

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constellation program it has a mission

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of taking four people back to the

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surface of the moon

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in this architecture the crew is

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actually launched separately from the

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lander he launched the crew in the orion

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vehicle on ares 1

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and you launch separately the earth

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departure stage and the lander on aries

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5.

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both of those go into low earth orbit

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the earth departure stage and the lander

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rendezvous with the orion vehicle in low

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earth orbit

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at that point the earth departure stage

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does a translunar initiation burn

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and we go to lunar orbit you drop the

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eds stage along the way

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and you end up in lunar orbit with the

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lander and the orion vehicle

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at that point they separate the lander

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goes down to the surface of the moon we

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leave the descent stage on the surface

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of the moon when our mission is done and

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only the ascent stage returns to orbit

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we re-rendezvous with the orion vehicle

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and then we expand the ascent stage

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we have three different missions we have

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one mission which is a sorting mission

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and it takes four people to the surface

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of the moon for seven days

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they actually live out of the land or in

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that mission we have a second reference

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mission which is an outpost mission

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and in that mission the lander takes the

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crew to the surface of the moon but the

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crew then lives out of the outpost

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in that mission the lander actually sits

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dormant for approximately six months the

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third mission is cargo mission that is

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an uncrewed mission it's an automated

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lander and that's what you would use to

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bring heavy cargo to the surface of the

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you look at some of the choices we've

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made

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in the systems we've chosen the solid

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motor from the shuttle the upper stage

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engine from apollo

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has starting points

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for what we are going to build that

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gives us a great advantage

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so what we see going on here in the

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early part of the program with the test

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firings and the different things that

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we're doing much of that is to anchor

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our analytical models and the design

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tools we use to then go and improve the

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design in key

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areas we have every center of nasa's

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team engaged in this program at nearly

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every level i've been incredibly

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impressed with the depth of talent this

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agency has to

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to offer and we're taking that and we're

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applying it to the really tough problems

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of constellation of exploration

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of being able to actually push out to